Why end-stage COPD causes swelling in the feet and legs (2023)

FAQs

What does it mean when your feet swell with COPD? ›

Swollen ankles, feet, or legs can signal a more severe case of COPD. Swelling happens due to complications of COPD called pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension occurs when there is high blood pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs.

Edema. In more severe COPD, edema can cause the ankles, legs, and feet to swell. The fluid retention can cause a weight gain of anywhere from 5 to 15 pounds, says Wise. This swelling is due to what is known as cor pulmonale, or pulmonary hypertension.

As a person approaches the end of life, they may experience the following: Shortness of breath while resting. Trouble with activities of daily living: walking, cooking, dressing, or doing other daily activities. Chronic respiratory failure.

The systemic response to hypercapnia has the effect of reducing the renal blood flow and, as a result, increasing water and sodium retention with the final effect of edema and hyponatraemia.

When to Seek Care for Swelling. You should seek emergency care if you have sudden, unexplained swelling in just one limb or if it occurs along with chest pain, trouble breathing, coughing up blood, fever, or skin that is red and warm to the touch.

If the heart is not working efficiently, it can cause fluid buildup in the ankles, legs, and feet. This leads to swelling, which is sometimes called edema.

COPD, especially in advanced cases, can cause peripheral edema, or fluid retention. This may make your legs, ankles, and feet swell. The swelling is usually about the same on both sides of your body. It may be pitting, which means pressure causes it to stay indented.

When COPD gets worse it is called an exacerbation (ex-zass-er-BAY-shun). During an exacerbation you may suddenly feel short of breath, or your cough may get worse. You may also cough up phlegm, and it may be thicker than normal or an unusual color.

Pulmonary edema complications may include: Breathing difficulty. Swelling of the legs, feet and belly area. Buildup of fluid in the membranes that surround the lungs (pleural effusion)

Patients' last days of COPD can be characterized by depression, anxiety, pain, and dyspnea. Clinicians must be alert to patient discomfort and offer appropriate palliative care and reassurance.

What happens in the final days of COPD? ›

Symptoms of End-Stage COPD

If you're at end stage, you'll probably feel constantly out of breath and without energy. Flare-ups called exacerbations can come on more often and without warning. These episodes can be deadly. Even if you recover, your lungs may be in worse shape than before.

However, in general, of those who have end-stage COPD, only half will be alive in two years. Many make the mistake by believing hospice is only care for the last weeks in life. In actuality, patients should come to us when they have a life expectancy of six months or less.

"COPD is a disease with a lot of moving parts," says Albert A. Rizzo, MD, chief medical officer for the American Lung Association. "It's not a death sentence by any means. Many people will live into their 70s, 80s, or 90s with COPD.”

Leg swelling can result either from fluid buildup (fluid retention) or from inflammation in injured or diseased tissues or joints. Many of the causes of leg swelling, such as an injury or prolonged standing or sitting, are common, easily identified and no reason for concern.

End-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to being in the final stages of the disease. At this stage, you can expect to experience significant shortness of breath even when resting. Because of the degree of lung damage at this stage, you are at high risk for lung infections and respiratory failure.

Fluid buildup (edema): It happens when the tissues or blood vessels in your legs hold more fluid than they should. This can happen if you simply spend a long day on your feet or sit for too long. But it may also be a sign that you're overweight or don't get enough exercise, or of more serious medical conditions.

Swelling in the ankles, feet or legs often goes away on its own. See a GP if it does not get better in a few days.

Claudication refers to muscle pain due to lack of oxygen that's triggered by activity and relieved by rest. Symptoms include the following: Pain, ache, discomfort or fatigue in muscles every time those muscles are used. Pain in the calves, thighs, buttocks, hips or feet.

Although swelling of the feet and ankles can be a minor problem, it can also be an indication of more serious illnesses such as heart failure, renal failure, or liver failure. The abnormal buildup of fluid in the body is called edema.

Does COPD weaken your legs? ›

Can COPD cause muscle weakness in the legs? It is well-documented that muscle weakness occurring alongside COPD most often impacts the legs. Whether this weakness is a result of inactivity and poor nutrition or some aspect of the disease is not 100% clear.

A good goal for many people is 6 to 8 glasses (8 fluid ounces each) daily. Don't try to drink this much fluid at once; spread it out over the entire day. Some people find it helpful to fill a water pitcher every morning with all the water they are supposed to drink in one day.

COPD stage 4 life expectancy is 5.8 years. The same study also found that female smokers lost about nine years of their life at this stage.

For most COPD patients, a target saturation range of 88%–92% will avoid the risks of hypoxia and hypercapnia. Some patients with previous episodes of respiratory acidosis may require an "oxygen alert card" with a lower (personalized) target saturation range.

For patients with COPD, insufficient respiratory effort and/or inadequate alveolar ventilation, in a setting of uncontrolled oxygen delivery (where the precise Fio₂ is unknown) can result in dangerous levels of both oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Swelling (edema) in your lower legs is another sign of a heart problem. When your heart doesn't work as well, blood flow slows and backs up in the veins in your legs. This causes fluid to build up in your tissues.

The fluid stops the lung from fully expanding when you breathe. So as it builds up, the collected fluid causes shortness of breath.

Thoracentesis is a procedure that a provider uses to drain extra fluid from around the lungs (pleural space) with a needle. It's used to test the fluid for infection or other illnesses and to relieve chest pressure that makes it tough to breathe. Thoracentesis is a short, low-risk procedure done while you're awake.

You can start hospice care if your doctor says you likely won't live longer than 6 months. That can be tricky because even severe COPD may not necessarily be terminal.

What causes death when COPD is eventually fatal? ›

Respiratory failure is considered the major cause of death in advanced COPD.

End-stage, or stage 4, COPD is the final stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most people reach it after years of living with the disease and the lung damage it causes. As a result, your quality of life is low. You'll have frequent exacerbations, or flares -- one of which could be fatal.

People with severe stage COPD, lose about eight to nine years of life expectancy on average .

Myth 5: If I Have to Go on Oxygen, It Means I'm Dying. People with COPD often fear oxygen therapy, but “many patients can live 10 years or more with oxygen,” Nicolacakis says. COPD patients need oxygen when the oxygen level in their blood is low.

Towards the end, you may be sleepy or unconscious much of the time. You may also lose interest in eating and drinking. Your breathing pattern may change and eventually, your skin may become pale and moist, and you will become very drowsy. You may wish to consider end-of-life care.

As a person approaches the end of life, they may experience the following: Shortness of breath while resting. Trouble with activities of daily living: walking, cooking, dressing, or doing other daily activities. Chronic respiratory failure.

Hospice care for COPD provides an extra layer of support for managing the symptoms of the disease. It improves the quality of life for patients and their families by addressing social, spiritual, and practical issues.

End-stage COPD is marked by severe shortness of breath (dyspnea), even when at rest. At this stage, medications typically don't work as well as they had in the past. Everyday tasks will leave you more breathless.

Airflow obstruction is associated with increased mortality, even with mild impairment. In mild to moderate COPD, most deaths are due to cardiovascular disease and lung cancer, but as COPD severity increases, respiratory deaths are increasingly common.

End stage COPD is the most severe stage. It can lead to death. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , chronic lower respiratory diseases — of which COPD is the most prevalent — were the sixth leading cause of death in the United States in 2022.

How long can you live on oxygen therapy? ›

The median survival time was 1.9 years (IQR, 0.7 to 4.0 years). Main causes of death included respiratory disease (68%), cardiovascular disease (20%) and cancer (6%).

Hold the swollen part of the body above the level of the heart several times a day. Sometimes, raising the swollen area during sleep can be helpful. Massage. Stroking the affected area toward the heart using firm, but not painful, pressure might help move fluid out of that area.

The 5-year life expectancy for people with COPD ranges from 40% to 70%, depending on disease severity. This means that 5 years after diagnosis 40 to 70 out of 100 people will be alive. For severe COPD, the 2-year survival rate is just 50%.

Shortness of breath and fatigue are the most prominent effects of CHF and COPD. For both conditions, shortness of breath typically occurs with physical exertion in the early disease stages, and it can occur at rest with advanced disease.

When COPD gets worse it is called an exacerbation (ex-zass-er-BAY-shun). During an exacerbation you may suddenly feel short of breath, or your cough may get worse. You may also cough up phlegm, and it may be thicker than normal or an unusual color.

Congestive heart failure causes one or both of the heart's lower chambers stop pumping blood well. As a result, blood can back up in the legs, ankles and feet, causing edema. Congestive heart failure can also cause swelling in the stomach area. This condition also can cause fluid to build up in the lungs.

Pulmonary edema complications may include: Breathing difficulty. Swelling of the legs, feet and belly area. Buildup of fluid in the membranes that surround the lungs (pleural effusion)

At what stage of heart failure does edema happen? Swollen feet can happen at any stage of heart failure, but worsening edema may mean that heart failure is becoming more severe.

Which leg swells with congestive heart failure? ›

Often, the swelling is more noticeable in the ankles or on the lower leg in the front where the bone, the tibia, is close to the skin.

Treating the edema itself may include: compression stockings to help increase the pressure in your lower legs, which may help push blood up to the heart. exercise to get the leg muscles affected by edema working harder and pumping blood back to the heart.

However, in general, of those who have end-stage COPD, only half will be alive in two years. Many make the mistake by believing hospice is only care for the last weeks in life. In actuality, patients should come to us when they have a life expectancy of six months or less.

Stage 1: 0.3 years. Stage 2: 2.2 years. Stage 3: 5.8 years. Stage 4: 5.8 years.

The median survival time was 1.9 years (IQR, 0.7 to 4.0 years). Main causes of death included respiratory disease (68%), cardiovascular disease (20%) and cancer (6%). In the cohort, 539 (24%) patients were prescribed LTOT 24 h/day, 1,231 (55%) were prescribed 15 h/day and 470 (21%) had other daily durations prescribed.

Stage 3 (severe COPD): Early symptoms become worse and you might notice you're having more flare-ups than before. You might find you have more chest infections than before, have a feeling of chest tightness and wheezing with everyday tasks. Some people might notice swelling in their ankles, feet, and legs.

Hold the swollen part of the body above the level of the heart several times a day. Sometimes, raising the swollen area during sleep can be helpful. Massage. Stroking the affected area toward the heart using firm, but not painful, pressure might help move fluid out of that area.